Contents

Introduction .......... 1

Genetic Algorithms .......... 3

Genetic Algorithm Theory

A. E. Eiben, E. H. L. Aarts, K. M. Van Hee (Eindhoven, The Netherlands)
Global Convergence of Genetic Algorithms: A Markov Chain Analysis .......... 4

D. E. Goldberg (Urbana-Champaign, IL)
The Theory of Virtual Alphabets .......... 13

J. Hesser, R. Männer (Heidelberg, Germany)
Towards an Optimal Mutation Probability for Genetic Algorithms .......... 23

J. Hesser, R. Männer (Heidelberg, Germany)
An Alternative Genetic Algorithm .......... 33

K. A. De Jong (Fairfax, VA), W. M. Spears (Washington, D. C.)
An Analysis of the Interacting Roles of Population Size and Crossover
in Genetic Algorithms .......... 38

Applications of Genetic Algorithms

C. Blume (Karlsruhe, Germany)
GLEAM - A System for Simulated `Intuitive Learning' .......... 48

A. Colorni, M. Dorigo, V. Maniezzo (Milan, Italy)
Genetic Algorithms and Highly Constrained Problems: The Time-Table Case .......... 55

Y. Davidor, Y. Goldberg (Rehovot, Israel)
An Evolution Standing on the Design of Redundant Manipulators .......... 60

M. Gerrits, P. Hogeweg (Utrecht, The Netherlands)
Redundant Coding of an NP-Complete Problem Allows Effective
Genetic Algorithm Search .......... 70

M. Hulin (Munich, Germany)
Circuit Partitioning with Genetic Algorithms Using a Coding Scheme to
Preserve the Structure of a Circuit .......... 75

P. Husbands (Brighton, UK), F. Mill (Edinburgh, UK),
S. Warrington (Glasgow, UK)
Genetic Algorithms, Production Plan Optimisation, and Scheduling .......... 80

T. Johnson, P. Husbands (Brighton, UK)
System Identification Using Genetic Algorithms .......... 85 C. B. Lucasius, S. Werten, A. H. J. M. van Aert, G. Kateman,
M. J. J. Blommers, (Nijmegen and Utrecht, The Netherlands)
Conformational Analysis of DNA Using Genetic Algorithms .......... 90

J.-Y. Suh, C.-D. Lee (Bloomington, IN)
Operator-Oriented Genetic Algorithm and its Application to the
Sliding Block Puzzle Problem .......... 98

D. Thierens, L. Vercauteren (Ghent, Belgium)
A Topology Exploiting Genetic Algorithm to Control Dynamic Systems .......... 104

N. L. J. Ulder, E. H. L. Aarts, H.-J. Bandelt, P. J. M. van Laarhoven, E. Pesch
(Venlo, Maastricht, and Eindhoven, The Netherlands)
Genetic Local Search Algorithms for the Travelling Salesman Problem .......... 109

Genetic Programming

H. de Garis (Brussels, Belgium and Fairfax, VA)
Genetic Programming: Artificial Nervous Systems, Artificial Embryos and
Embryological Electronics .......... 117

J. R. Koza (Stanford, CA)
Concept Formation and Decision Tree Induction Using the
Genetic Programming Paradigm .......... 124

Parallel Implementations of Genetic Algorithms

H. C. Braun (Karlsruhe, Germany)
On Solving Travelling Salesman Problems by Genetic Algorithms .......... 129

J. P. Cohoon, W. N. Martin, D. S. Richards (Charlottesville, VA)
Genetic Algorithms and Punctuated Equilibria in VLSI .......... 134

T. C. Fogarty, R. Huang (Bristol, UK)
Implementing the Genetic Algorithm on Transputer Based Parallel
Processing Systems .......... 145

M. Gorges-Schleuter (Cologne, Germany)
Explicit Parallelism of Genetic Algorithms through Population Structures .......... 150

B. Kröger, P. Schwenderling, O. Vornberger (Osnabrueck, Germany)
Parallel Genetic Packing of Rectangles .......... 160

G. von Laszewski (Columbus, OH), H. Mühlenbein (St. Augustin, Germany)
Partitioning a Graph with a Parallel Genetic Algorithm .......... 165

P. Neuhaus (Karlsruhe, Germany)
Solving the Mapping-Problem - Experiences with a Genetic Algorithm .......... 170

T. Starkweather, D. Whitley, K. Mathias (Fort Collins, CO)
Optimization Using Distributed Genetic Algorithms .......... 176

Evolution Strategies .......... 187

Applications of Evolution Strategies

M. Herdy (Berlin, Germany)
Application of the `Evolutionsstrategie' to Discrete Optimization Problems .......... 188

F. Kursawe (Dortmund, Germany)
A Variant of Evolution Strategies for Vector Optimization .......... 193

Parallel Implementations of Evolution Strategies

R. Lohmann (Berlin, Germany)
Application of Evolution Strategy in Parallel Populations .......... 198

G. Rudolph (Dortmund, Germany)
Global Optimization by Means of Distributed Evolution Strategies .......... 209

Simulated Annealing .......... 215

Applications of Simulated Annealing

I. Exman (Jerusalem, Israel)
Solving Sequential Games with Boltzmann-Learned Tactics .......... 216

K. H. Hoffmann, M. Christoph, M. Hanf (Heidelberg, Germany)
Optimizing Simulated Annealing .......... 221

Parallel Implementations of Simulated Annealing

I. Kreuzer, K. Goser (Dortmund, Germany)
A Local Timing Model for Parallel Optimization with Boltzmann Machines .......... 226

P. Roussel-Ragot, N. Kouicem, G. Dreyfus (Paris, France)
Error-Free Parallel Implementation of Simulated Annealing .......... 231

R. L. Shoemaker, H. H. Barrett, R. H. Seacat III (Tucson, AZ)
TRIMM: A Parallel Processor for Image Reconstruction by Simulated Annealing .......... 242

Neural Networks .......... 253

A. M. Andrew (Lifton, UK)
The Response-Time Constraint in Neural Evolution .......... 254

R. J. Collins, D. R. Jefferson (Los Angeles, CA)
An Artificial Neural Network Representation for Artificial Organisms .......... 259

S. Piramuthu (Urbana, IL)
Feature Construction for Back-Propagation .......... 264

R. Salomon (Berlin, Germany)
Improved Convergence Rate of Back-Propagation with Dynamic Adaption
of the Learning Rate .......... 269

W. Schiffmann, M. Joost, R. Werner (Koblenz, Germany)
Performance Evaluation of Evolutionarily Created Neural Network Topologies .......... 274

A. A. Vedenov, M. V. Zurin, E. B. Levchenko, G. D. Myl'nikov, A. N. Timashev,
A. Yu. Turygin (Troitsk, Moscow Region, U.S.S.R.)
Optical Image Preprocessing for Neural Network Classifier Systems .......... 284

Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms

P. J. B. Hancock, L. S. Smith (Stirling, UK)
GANNET: Genetic Design of a Neural Net for Face Recognition .......... 292

J. Heistermann (Munich, Germany)
The Application of a Genetic Approach as an Algorithm for Neural Networks .......... 297

K.-U. Höffgen, H. P. Siemon, A. Ultsch (Dortmund, Germany)
Genetic Improvements of Feedforward Nets for Approximating Functions .......... 302

P. M. Todd, G. F. Miller (Stanford, CA)
Exploring Adaptive Agency III: Simulating the Evolution of
Habituation and Sensitization .......... 307

Neural Networks and Evolution Strategies

M. Scholz (Berlin, Germany)
A Learning Strategy for Neural Networks Based on a
Modified Evolutionary Strategy .......... 314

Classifier Systems and Immune Networks .......... 319

S. Forrest, A. S. Perelson (Albuquerque and Los Alamos, NM)
Genetic Algorithms and the Immune System .......... 320

B. Manderick (Brussels, Belgium)
Selectionist Categorization .......... 326

A. Schachtner (Dortmund, Germany)
A Classifier System with Integrated Genetic Operators .......... 331

M. Valenzuela-Rendón (Monterrey, Mexico)
The Fuzzy Classifier System: Motivations and First Results .......... 338

H. Bersini (Brussels, Belgium), F. J. Varela (Paris, France)
Hints for Adaptive Problem Solving Gleaned from Immune Networks .......... 343

Parallel Implementations in General .......... 355

J. Decuyper, D. Keymeulen (Brussels, Belgium)
A Reactive Robot Navigation System Based on a Fluid Dynamics Metaphor .......... 356

R. C. Paton, H. S. Nwana, M. J. R. Shave, T. J. M. Bench-Capon,
S. Hughes (Liverpool, UK)
Transfer of Natural Metaphors to Parallel Problem Solving Applications .......... 363

H.-M. Voigt, J. Born, I. Santibañez-Koref (Berlin, Germany)
Modelling and Simulation of Distributed Evolutionary Search Processes for
Function Optimization .......... 373

M. J. Mataric (Cambridge, MA)
Parallel, Decentralized Spatial Mapping for Robot Navigation
and Path Planning .......... 381

Adaptation and Evolution in General .......... 387

N. Adachi, K. Matsuo (Tokyo, Japan)
Ecological Dynamics under Different Selection Rules in Distributed and
Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Games .......... 388

S. T. Barnard, A. Bergman (Menlo Park, CA)
Adaptation in Signal Spaces .......... 395

L. R. Lopez, H. J. Caulfield (Huntsville, AL)
A Principle of Minimum Complexity in Evolution .......... 405

J. Paredis (Maastricht, The Netherlands)
The Emergence of Data Structures from Local Interactions .......... 410

J. Schull (Haverford, PA)
The View from the Adaptive Landscape .......... 415

Comparison of Problem Solving Strategies from Nature .......... 429

T. Boseniuk, W. Ebeling (Berlin, Germany)
Boltzmann-, Darwin-, and Haeckel-Strategies in Optimization Problems .......... 430

C. de Groot, D. Würtz (Zurich, Switzerland),
K. H. Hoffmann (Heidelberg, Germany)
Optimizing Complex Problems by Nature's Algorithms:
Simulated Annealing and Evolution Strategy - A Comparative Study .......... 445

F. Hoffmeister, T. Bäck (Dortmund, Germany)
Genetic Algorithms and Evolution Strategies - Similarities and Differences .......... 455

The Evening Lecture .......... 471

P. Bock (Washington, D.C.)
Building the Ultimate Machine: The Emergence of Artificial Cognition .......... 472

Subject Index .......... 483